For years various root canal filling materials have been used. The gold standard properties are the one, still named by Grossman years back.
Properties
The properties of an ideal root canal filling material is as follows:
1) Provide for easy manipulation with ample working time.
2) Be able to seal the canal laterally and apically conforming and adapting to the various shapes and contours of the individual canal.
3) Have dimensional stability; not shrink or change form after being inserted.
4) Not irritate periapical tissues.
5) Be unaffected by tissue fluids and insoluble in tissue fluids, not corrode or oxidize.
6) Be radiopaque, easily discernible on radiographs.
7) Not discolor the tooth structure.
8) Be easily removed from the canal if necessary.
9) Be sterile or can be quickly sterilized immediately before insertion.
10) Be bacteriostatic; at least not encourage bacterial growth.
You have already come to know the various root canal filling materials in the previous units. Silver points, pastes, gutta percha are the most commonly used.
Pastes and silver points fall short of ideal properties of root canal filling material.
Silver Points
Silver points fall short of ideal filling material for the following reasons:
1) Requires an absolutely circular canal preparation.
2) Corrode when in contact with either oral fluids or periradicular tissue fluids.
The corrosive product is highly cytotoxic.
3) Often binds in one or two places on the root canal wall, giving a false sense of fit.
4) Cannot obturate the canal system three dimensionally.
Pastes
Pastes fall short of ideal filling material for the following reasons:
1) The apical extrusion of paste is always possible as no apical stop is present.
2) Toxicity results from components of some pastes that either leaches out of paste or in contact with periradicular tissues.
3) Because of porosities in paste fills, most pastes will resorb in time, resulting in apical leakage, and strong possibility of endodontic failure.
4) Chemical components of the paste have been shown to be antigenic, causing immunological responses.
Gutta Percha
Gutta percha provides the bulk of root filling and is presently considered the root canal
obturating material of choice, it is:
Properties
The properties of an ideal root canal filling material is as follows:
1) Provide for easy manipulation with ample working time.
2) Be able to seal the canal laterally and apically conforming and adapting to the various shapes and contours of the individual canal.
3) Have dimensional stability; not shrink or change form after being inserted.
4) Not irritate periapical tissues.
5) Be unaffected by tissue fluids and insoluble in tissue fluids, not corrode or oxidize.
6) Be radiopaque, easily discernible on radiographs.
7) Not discolor the tooth structure.
8) Be easily removed from the canal if necessary.
9) Be sterile or can be quickly sterilized immediately before insertion.
10) Be bacteriostatic; at least not encourage bacterial growth.
You have already come to know the various root canal filling materials in the previous units. Silver points, pastes, gutta percha are the most commonly used.
Pastes and silver points fall short of ideal properties of root canal filling material.
Silver Points
Silver points fall short of ideal filling material for the following reasons:
1) Requires an absolutely circular canal preparation.
2) Corrode when in contact with either oral fluids or periradicular tissue fluids.
The corrosive product is highly cytotoxic.
3) Often binds in one or two places on the root canal wall, giving a false sense of fit.
4) Cannot obturate the canal system three dimensionally.
 |
| Silver points poorly placed in the canals, retreatment done and filling with gutta percha |
Pastes fall short of ideal filling material for the following reasons:
1) The apical extrusion of paste is always possible as no apical stop is present.
2) Toxicity results from components of some pastes that either leaches out of paste or in contact with periradicular tissues.
3) Because of porosities in paste fills, most pastes will resorb in time, resulting in apical leakage, and strong possibility of endodontic failure.
4) Chemical components of the paste have been shown to be antigenic, causing immunological responses.
Gutta Percha
Gutta percha provides the bulk of root filling and is presently considered the root canal
obturating material of choice, it is:
- Inexpensive, versatile and easy to handle.
- Adequately bio-compatible.
- Capable of adaptation with pressure, solvents and heat.
- Non supportive of microbial growth.
- It is simple to remove for re treatment and post space.
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